Catalysts for Credible Election: The Pivotal Role of Civil Society in South Sudan's Proposed 2026 Elections

Pic Credit The Guardian

It has been five weeks since the announcement that the elections in South Sudan have been postponed by two years. This decision has elicited a range of reactions across the country. Critics of the postponement argue that delaying the elections will not benefit South Sudan, as it merely prolongs the transition period and could lead to term elongation of current administration. On the other hand, supporters of the extension contend that this two-year extension is necessary for organizing properly conducted elections, asserting that the nation was not adequately prepared for elections scheduled for December 2024. Regardless of the differing opinions, it is evident that elections will not take place this year and are now expected to be held in December 2026.

Since the announcement, various developments have occurred on the path to the 2026 elections. Efforts have been made to reignite negotiations under the Tumaini banner, although the outcomes of these discussions remain uncertain. In terms of election preparations, there have been some positive movements, including the appointment of State High Elections Committees at the state level and intensified capacity-building initiatives supported by the United Nations Integrated Election Assistance Team (IEAT) through Building Resources in Democracy Governance and Elections (BRIDGE) trainings and other related capacity building intiatives for the National Elections Commissions (NEC) and CSOs.

However, it is concerning that limited support, beyond that is currently being provided, has been directed toward civil society organizations (CSOs), which play a crucial oversight role in the electoral process and advocate for a fair playing field for all political parties involved. In light of these circumstances, it is vital to emphasize the importance of supporting CSOs in their oversight and advocacy roles during this electoral process. CSOs are essential for ensuring transparency and accountability in elections, and they will require robust support to fulfill their responsibilities effectively. The author acknowledges the support currently being provided by the UN IEAT and encourages other partners to come in and support the work of the CSOs under this framework.

The Role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)

To prepare for the upcoming 2026 elections, CSOs in South Sudan must undertake several strategic actions. First, they should advocate for electoral reforms by pushing for the completion of critical reforms such as finalizing a permanent constitution and enacting necessary electoral laws. This is in addition to advocating for the establishment of an effective election dispute resolution mechanism. Second, CSOs will be expected to conduct civic and issue-based voter education programs. These initiatives will help citizens understand the electoral process, their rights, and the significance of their participation in electoral processes. This is particularly significant in light of the recent announcement by Dr. Riang Yer Zuor, Chairperson of the South Sudan National Constitutional Review Commission (NCRC), stating that civic education campaigns will launch on December 4 2024.

Monitoring electoral preparations is another vital role for CSOs in this transitional period. CSOs such as South Sudan Network for Democratic Elections (SSUNDE) will serve as watchdogs, overseeing progress and holding government and electoral bodies accountable for meeting established milestones in the electoral roadmap. Furthermore, engaging in inclusive political dialogue is essential. CSOs should facilitate discussions among political stakeholders to foster consensus and address concerns throughout the transition period. Support for voter registration efforts is also critical. CSOs can assist in reaching marginalized communities, internally displaced persons, and refugees to ensure their inclusion in the electoral process.

Advocating for transparency is paramount as well. CSOs should push for regular public reporting mechanisms on electoral preparations to maintain trust and accountability among citizens. Collaboration with international partners can enhance these efforts significantly. By working with international NGOs and organizations like UNMISS IEAT, CSOs can access technical expertise and resources necessary for successful electoral preparations. Addressing security concerns is another critical area where CSOs can make an impact. They should advocate for and monitor the implementation of Transitional Security Arrangements to create a stable environment conducive to elections.

Promoting political inclusion is equally important. Supporting initiatives like the Tumaini Initiative will help ensure broader participation in the electoral process. Finally, building capacity for election monitoring is essential. CSOs should prepare to serve as domestic election observers by training staff and volunteers in effective election monitoring techniques. Additionally, it is vital that CSOs advocate for vulnerable groups by ensuring that their needs and rights, particularly those of marginalized communities, women, youth, and persons with disabilities, are considered throughout electoral preparations.

The critical and central role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) during South Sudan's transitional period cannot be overstated. To effectively fulfil their responsibilities, these organizations require substantial resources, particularly financial support. Given that CSOs in South Sudan are still in their formative stages, their capacity continues to evolve, necessitating ongoing capacity-building initiatives to enhance their oversight capabilities.

It is imperative that support for CSOs is provided without delay, as time is of the essence for them to organize effectively. To strengthen their case for resources, CSOs must demonstrate their commitment by developing clear, well-defined strategies. At this juncture, these organizations should have already formulated comprehensive strategic plans that can be used to mobilize the necessary resources.

Collaborating with International Partners

Furthermore, CSOs must act swiftly and collectively to engage partners in discussions about their plans for election preparations. By taking this proactive approach, they will not only showcase their dedication to supporting the electoral process but also demonstrate their organizational prowess. This concerted effort will underscore the CSOs' readiness to play a pivotal role in South Sudan's democratic journey and reinforce their credibility as key stakeholders in the nation's future.

In addition to showcasing their capacity to build robust networks in key thematic areas such as voter education, election monitoring, and advocacy for electoral reforms, it is essential to support organizations like the SSUNDE. With a strong presence in South Sudan and a proven track record of observing elections, SSUNDE requires support at both the institutional and programmatic levels to enhance its effectiveness. Strengthening these networks will be crucial for fostering a more informed electorate and ensuring transparent electoral processes in the country. Establishing and expanding networks such as the National Forum of South Sudan (NSFS) can facilitate better coordination among CSOs. This collective approach will allow for sharing best practices, resources, and experiences, ultimately increasing their overall impact.

CSOs should prioritize capacity-strengthening initiatives that enhance their skills and knowledge in voter education and election monitoring. Collaborating with international actors can provide essential training and resources to improve their effectiveness. CSOs should actively seek partnerships with international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and United Nations agencies. These partnerships can provide technical support, funding, and access to broader networks, which are crucial for successful voter education campaigns and election monitoring.

Conclusion: The Path Forward for CSOs

In conclusion, as South Sudan navigates this extended period before its elections, empowering civil society organizations will be crucial in fostering a transparent, inclusive, and accountable electoral process. With adequate support and resources, CSOs can play an instrumental role in shaping a democratic future for South Sudan.

Article by Galdino Ochama Executive Director, South Sudan Network for Democracy and Elections (SSuNDE) and edited by Taona E Mwanyisa Senior Partner at TDGHRconsult.